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Inductor: resists change in current. Like switching on and off current. When there's a large spike of current, it can cause damage to a component and/or system. Same for a drop in current. Some component rely on current to help them function, so they need stability. With quick discharge of current, there can be a large magnetic field produced, which is dangerous and why components can get destroyed.
The higher value of the inductance, the longer is takes for current to charge and discharge. Example is the 1H (Hertz), takes a longer time to charge and discharge vs the 100mH inductor.
Circuit: 10v DC source connected to a single switch to provide unity in switching the inductors on/off. This is connected to the inputs of inductors (varying values), which then charges up the current in the magnetic field it produces, allowing a certain amount to pass through as it charges. This then goes into a current limiting resistor to protect the LED from overcurrent. The LED is then discharged into ground, but because there is a large current, we need a safe way to allow the current to discharge, so we cycle it through rectifying diode.
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