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This is a differentiator, which, as the name suggests, differentiates the input to give the output.
Eg, d/dt (sin t) = cos(t)
d/dt (t) = 1
Try it yourself!
If you input a sine wave, output is a cos wave that is 90° phase shifted version of the input.
If you give a DC only input, output is an impulse function and exists only for an infinitesimal period, having theoretically infinite amplitude. It is denoted by δ(t)
If you give a ramp input, i.e., v(t) = t,
then since d/dt (t) = 1
Output is a square wave
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