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We have an AC power source with an amplitude of 20v. The frequency is sped up to 10kHz for visualization how the AC cycling.
Positive AC enters through one corner of the diode square, negative AC enters through the other corner.
Diode orientation: The diodes are oriented in a way that AC pushes through one diode, but cannot circle back around. This is because we have 2 other diodes that are facing the voltage, cathode first instead of anode.
Capacitor: The capacitor (Cap) is there to allow voltage to remain peaked. Since this is an Alternating current, voltage tends to like to rise and fall, the capacitors limits the fall and keeps the voltage rising (at 20v's, it says around 17.8-18.2v's). Without it, we'd have a signal that drops from 18.4v's to 0'v, which would then cause flickering and instable voltage.
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