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Tesla Free Air Circuit - Modified Ground - Electrostatic Energy
After Spice analysing several variations of the circuit with a centre tapped Earth, and continuous Ion Aerial Air Receiver,
I finally managed to bring the circuit to life by conditioning the circuit as follows.
Initial condition all switches open circuit. Power up the Ion Aerial switch, this conditions the circuit everywhere to full potential by
Induced Charge as there is no current flowing, by placing V at the aerial terminal this appears throughput the circuit, both plates of a parallel plate capacitor are at the same potential. Design voltage voltage gradient from Earth to Ionosphere typically 100 V/m Volts per meter. Height of aerial 3m, design voltage V = 300v = 3m(100V/m).
Then activate the ground switch this traps the charge in the circuit loops, visualise using electron current back to the aerial terminal.
From the left hand side the capacitor C1=440nF nano Farad, charging up to nearly the full potential with Aerial voltage V=300V (less a negligible diode drop and voltage V3, C3=50uF).
Path from aerial terminal to ground, current flows to aerial capacitor C1=440nF nano Farad then through diode D2 to the other side capacitor C3=50uF, forming a capacitor voltage divider 1/Ct = 1/C3 + 1/C2.
Using the fact 1/C3 & 1/C4 are << 1/C1 & 1/C2 (or C3 & C4 >> C1 & C2)
Approximately size effect of the two capacitors C1 & C2 appear in parallel as they dominate.
Ct = C1+C2 = 440nF+440nF = 880nF
Superposition theory on C3 ignore C4 for the moment. As 1/C2>>1/C4.
Estimate the voltage across capacitor C3, V3
V3 = V (1/C3)/(1/C3+1/Ct) = 300v.(1/50uF)/(1/50uF+1/880nF) = 5.18v approx.
Convention C1 =440nF & C2=440nF top rail to aerial terminal.
C3=50uF & C4=50uF bottom rail between ground & output.
Diode D1,D2,D3 &D4.
Working left to right.
Estimate the voltage across C1, V1 = V - V3 = 300v - 5.18v = 294.82v.
Path conventional current from aerial terminal V through C2, V2, through diode D4, through
capacitor C4, V4, through capacitor C3, V3, using capacitor voltage divider, estimate voltage C4, V4.
V4 = V.(1/C4)/(1/C2+1/C3+1/C4) = 300v (1/50uF) / (1/440nF + 1/50uF + 1/50uF) = 2.59v.
First output voltage estimate
Vo = V3 + V4 = 5.18v + 2.59v = 7.77v.
Now powering the load here R= 100k ohm, max current I = V/R = 7.77v/100k= 77.7uA micro Amps.
Power P =( Vo^2)/R = (7.77^2)/100k = 0.6mW milli Watts.
Power for a typical time constants as desired, voltage drops.
T = R.Co = C3.C4/(C3+C4) = (100k)50uF.(50uF)/(50uF+50uF) =2.5 Secs.
Switch off the load, switch off the aerial terminal, switch off the ground.
Then repeat activate aerial terminal, then ground switch then load.
The switching can now be automated.
Characteristic of Ion Aerial Air Receiver, low resistance uses electrostatic d.c. dominantly.
Could receive as 1/4 wave height h =3m dipole
Light speed C = f.L = (3x10^8 m/s) = f.(3m/4) gives frequency f = 400MHz, we're not using this mode.
Capacity of Ion aerial Receiver wire can be increased with a horizontal catenary at the correct elevation. Estimate charge wire surface area e.g single sphere equivalent capacitance.
Q=C.V from discharge current I =dQ/dt approx Q=I.T = 7.77uA x 2.5secs cycle typically. = 19.42mC micro Coloumbs. Voltage V=300v or midpoint of aerial 150v wire receiver needs
Capacitance C=Q/V = 19.42mC/150 = 129.5uF micro Farad over 3m height.
Safety - always use right hand with the left hand in pocket, insulated gloves, insulate lower section and a ground spark gap earth discharge. Circuit protect output with a zener for over voltage protection.
Author Lee Dickinson, N.Lincs, UK.
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