Discrete AND gates may be realized by using diodes or transistors. The inputs represented as X and Y may be either 0V or +5V correspondingly.
The output is represented by Z . In the diode of AND gate, when both the inputs are of same value, X=+5V and Y= +5V, then the diodes are in OFF condition.
As a result, no current flows through the resistor and there will not be any voltage drop across the resistor.
Here the output will be Z=+5V. Similarly, when both the inputs such as X and Y are equal to 0V, then the corresponding diodes such as either D1 or D2 or both the diodes are at ON state and act as short circuits.
Here the output will be Z corresponds to 0V. In practical cases the output z corresponds to 0.6V or 0.7V, which is treated as logic 0 state.
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