This particular circuit is known as a Villard Cascade. By using a chain of clamper circuits, the voltage can gain a significant DC offset.
Total voltage is determined by Vin * (Number of diodes). In this particular case: 10*8=80.
Note that these cascades will not put out much current. Any resistive loads on the output will affect the total output voltage.
Voltage multipliers are often seen in CRT power supplies near the flyback transformer.
