@Muse - A 3-phase Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) provides three AC stator phase voltages 120° apart that feed a 6-diode full-wave bridge rectifier with bulk capacitive filtering.
### ISG Input Parameters
* Phase voltages: $V_{\text{ph,pk}} = 5.39\text{ V}$ ($3.81\text{ V}_{\text{RMS}}$ phase-to-neutral, corresponding to $6.6\text{ V}_{\text{RMS}}$ line-to-line) at $f = 200\text{ Hz}$ ($\tau = 5\text{ ms}$).
* Line-to-line peak amplitude:
$$V_{\text{LL,pk}} = \sqrt{3} \times V_{\text{ph,pk}} = \sqrt{3} \times 5.39\text{ V} \approx 9.34\text{ V}$$
### Bridge Rectification & Filtering
* **Rectifier Bridge:** Formed by Schottky diodes #D1 through #D6. High-side diodes #D1, #D3, #D5 conduct during the positive phase peaks, while low-side diodes #D2, #D4, #D6 conduct during negative peaks.
* **Diode Voltage Drop:** Schottky diodes exhibit a forward drop of $V_f \approx 0.5\text{ V}$ to $0.6\text{ V}$ under loaded conditions. Two diodes conduct simultaneously in series across any line pair, giving an ideal peak DC voltage of:
$$V_{\text{DC,pk}} = V_{\text{LL,pk}} - 2 V_f \approx 9.34\text{ V} - 2(0.55\text{ V}) \approx 8.24\text{ V}$$
* **DC-Link Capacitor (#C1):** A $4700\text{ }\mu\text{F}$ capacitor smooths the 6-pulse rectified output (ripple frequency $f_{\text{ripple}} = 6 \times 200\text{ Hz} = 1.2\text{ kHz}$).
* **Load (#RL):** At $10\text{ }\Omega$, DC load current is:
$$I_L = \frac{V_{\text{out}}}{R_L} \approx \frac{8.2\text{ V}}{10\text{ }\Omega} \approx 0.82\text{ A}$$
### Steady-State Performance
* **DC Output Voltage (#out):** Settles at approximately $8.22\text{ V}$ DC.
* **Load Current:** Steady at approximately $0.82\text{ A}$.
* **Peak-to-Peak Voltage Ripple:**
$$\Delta V \approx \frac{I_L}{f_{\text{ripple}} \times C} = \frac{0.82\text{ A}}{1200\text{ Hz} \times 4700\text{ }\mu\text{F}} \approx 73\text{ mV}_{\text{p-p}}$$
yielding an extremely low output ripple of less than $1\%$.
