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This is a basic display of use of transistors as switches. Althogh each logic, a switch in it self, transistors demonstrate interrupt or flow depending on the type of transistor to a closed circuit loop, in these examples, a 2V source to power a light bulb. The upper two examples draw from the logic when the logic is on, so the closed loop circuit needs to compliment the transistor capability, for instance the resistor placement balances and the 2V can't exceed the transistors max voltage. The bottom two examples show quite a different scenario, the on toggle is inverted to the lamp being on, and the circuit on the bottom left negates when the logic is on, putting the circuit at a stand still. The circuit on the bottom right, draws power to the logic, and the resistor is placed where the negation of flow occurs.When turned on, the flow counter blances going straight to ground, also negating the loop similarly to the left only that it happens in different portions of the overall balanced circuit. While all the functions looks very similar, the complex compound configurations of circuits with many components is where it is needed to understand these demonstrations. - nforystek
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