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This is how a three phase rectifier works. The three phases are 120 degrees off from each other. When phase 1 is at its peak, phase 2 will be near its negative peak; when phase 2 is at its peak, phase 3 will be near its negative peak; and lastly when phase 3 is at its positive peak, phase 1 will be near its negative peak. The phases being 120 degrees off from each other is what offers a return path for the current throughout each phases' period.
Because of the diode pairs on each phase, the current flows from the phase in its positive swing, through the load, then finally to the phase that is in its negative swing. Once this has completed, the next phase begins.
Because of this setup using the diode pairs, the load only experiences the positive swings of all 3 phases, which in turn creates DC with ripples across it.
Finally the ripples are removed using a capacitor.
In the end we are left with DC at the load from our three phase input.
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