TRI-hack. A TRIAC simulation to demonstrate how phase control can adjust output power.
Move the potentiometer position (far left), the RC time constant then determines the firing angle.
See it in action as a dimmer by switching the load to the lamp.
NOTE: The BJTs on the right form the TRIAC simulation. The zener diodes on the left function like a DIAC to convert the sine wave to positive and negative pulses that are used to fire the TRIAC.