changing the top voltage supply will result in the bits: 0 0 if Vin < 1V ; 0 1 if 1V < Vin < 2V ; 1 0 if 2V < Vin < 3V and 11 for anything above. Resolution is 1/4 * V_reference(4V) . You can mess with the Resistor to see how small changes in production consistency can cause the converter to “skip” some voltage